An ISRC is a unique identifier for a specific sound RECORDING, used to track that recording across platforms and reporting systems.
The mechanism
Each distinct recording gets its own code, permanently. A remix, a live version, a radio edit and a re-record are separate recordings and each needs its own ISRC. The code travels with the audio through distribution and reporting, which is what allows plays to be attributed to the right master.
A worked example
A song released as a single and later included on an album keeps the same ISRC, because it is the same recording. A sped-up version issued afterwards is a different recording and requires a new one.
One work, many recordings. The codes are not interchangeable.
What it is confused with
- ISWC ISRC identifies the RECORDING. ISWC identifies the underlying WORK. One song can have one ISWC and twenty ISRCs, and confusing them is a common cause of misrouted royalties.
- UPC A UPC identifies a release or product, such as an album or single package. An ISRC identifies a single recording inside it.
Why it matters
Reissuing the same recording with a fresh ISRC splits its stream history across two identities, which fragments both the reporting and any chart or playlist momentum attached to it.
Sources: US Copyright Office
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Related: Recoupment · Black box royalties · 360 deal